President Joe Biden on�Saturday assured Arab leaders the United States would remain fully engaged in the Middle East, as he wrapped up his first tour of the region since taking�office.
"We will not walk away and leave a vacuum to be filled by China, Russia or Iran," Biden said during a summit in Jeddah, on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia.
US ties to Gulf powers in particular have been roiled by multiple issues in recent years, notably Washington's push for a deal to curb Iran's suspect nuclear programme and its tepid response to attacks on Saudi oil facilities in 2019 claimed by Yemen's Iran-backed Huthi rebels.
The summit, the final stop of Biden's Middle East tour, brought together the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council as well as Egypt, Jordan and
Iraq.
Biden had been looking to use the trip to discuss volatile oil prices and
outline his vision for Washington's role in the region.
On Friday he met Saudi King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman,
the kingdom's de facto ruler who US intelligence agencies assess "approved" the
2018 operation that killed journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
After a fist-bump with Prince Mohammed, Biden said he raised the Khashoggi
case and warned against future attacks on dissidents.
Prince Mohammed, who chaired the opening of Saturday's summit, has denied
any role in the death of Khashoggi, who was dismembered in the kingdom's
Istanbul consulate and whose remains have never been found.
Biden told the assembled Arab leaders that "the future will be won by
countries that unleash the full potential of their populations... where
citizens can question and criticise leaders without fear of reprisal".
Air Force One took off from Jeddah at around 5:00 pm (1400 GMT) on
Saturday, bringing Biden's four-day stay in the region to a close.
- Ukraine tensions -
Biden said the United States would commit $1 billion in food aid to the
Middle East and North Africa amid rising food insecurity induced by the war in
Ukraine.
Russia's invasion of Ukraine has exposed a once unthinkable divergence
between Washington and key Middle East allies Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
Emirates, the oil giants that are increasingly independent on the international
stage.
The wealthy Gulf nations, which host US forces and have dependably backed
Washington for decades, have notably refrained from supporting the Biden
administration as it tries to choke Moscow's lifelines, from energy to
diplomacy.
Analysts say the new position reveals a turning point in Gulf relations
with the US, long the region's protector against neighbour Iran.
But Saturday brought some conciliatory gestures, with Biden inviting his
Emirati counterpart, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, to visit the White
House before the year is up.
And in his remarks at the summit, Saudi Prince Mohammed said he hoped it
would "establish a new era of joint cooperation to deepen the strategic
partnership between our countries and the United States of America, to serve
our common interests and enhance security and development in this vital region
for the whole world."
- Push for oil -
Riyadh and Washington on Friday signed 18 agreements on areas including
energy, space, health and investment, including developing 5G and 6G
technology, a Saudi statement said.
A separate joint statement said the two countries noted "the importance of
their strategic economic and investment cooperation, especially in light of the
current crisis in Ukraine and its repercussions, reiterating their commitment
to the stability of global energy markets."
Saudi Arabia agreed to link the electricity networks of the Gulf
Cooperation Council to Iraq, which relies heavily on energy from Iran, "in
order to provide Iraq and its people with new and diversified electricity
sources," the White House said.
Washington wants Riyadh to open the oil floodgates to bring down soaring
gasoline prices, which threaten Democratic chances in November mid-term
elections.
But Biden on Friday tried to tamp down expectations that his trip would
yield immediate gains.
"I'm doing all I can to increase the supply for the United States of
America," he said, adding concrete results would not be seen "for another
couple weeks".
- Israeli ties -
White House officials used the trip as a bid to promote integration between
Israel and Arab nations.
That process appeared to get a boost Friday when Saudi Arabia announced it
was lifting restrictions on civilian air carriers, a move that allows flights
travelling to and from Israel to use its airspace for the first time.
But the kingdom's foreign minister, Prince Faisal bin Farhan, told
reporters at a press conference after Biden's departure Saturday that the move
had nothing to do with Israel and was "not in any way a precursor to any
further steps".
Saudi Arabia has refused to join the US-brokered Abraham Accords which in
2020 created ties between Israel and two of the kingdom's neighbours, the
United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.
Biden had hailed the lifting of airspace restrictions as "historic".